在容器化部署中，Docker Compose 是编排和管理多容器应用的核心工具。所有官方镜像均可在 Docker Hub 获取。以下是日常开发与环境搭建中最常用的基础启停命令：

# 在后台构建并启动所有服务
$ docker compose up -d

# 停止并移除由 up 命令创建的容器及网络
$ docker compose down

1. Web 服务器部署

1.1 部署 Nginx

通过映射静态资源目录和日志目录，快速启动一个 Nginx 代理节点：

version: '3.8'
services:
  frontend_proxy:
    image: nginx:1.24.0
    container_name: custom_nginx
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "8880:80"
    volumes:
      - ./static_assets:/usr/share/nginx/html
      - ./proxy_logs:/var/log/nginx
      # - ./custom_nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

1.2 部署 Apache (httpd)

配置 Apache 服务，映射网站根目录至本地：

version: '3.8'
services:
  apache_server:
    image: httpd:2.4.57
    container_name: custom_httpd
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "8881:80"
    volumes:
      - ./web_root:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs
      # - ./httpd.conf:/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

2. 开发语言与运行环境

2.1 Java 运行环境

使用 Eclipse Temurin 镜像运行 Spring Boot 应用，并配置 JVM 参数：

version: '3.8'
services:
  java_app:
    image: eclipse-temurin:17-jdk
    container_name: springboot_app
    restart: always
    network_mode: host
    volumes:
      - ./target/app.jar:/app/application.jar
    entrypoint: ["java", "-Xms512m", "-Xmx1024m", "-jar", "/app/application.jar"]

其他常用的 OpenJDK 发行版镜像拉取示例：

# Amazon Corretto
docker pull amazoncorretto:17.0.8

# BellSoft Liberica
docker pull bellsoft/liberica-openjdk-alpine:17.0.8

# Eclipse Temurin
docker pull eclipse-temurin:17.0.8_1-jdk

3. 基础操作系统环境

3.1 部署 Ubuntu 环境

启动一个具有主机网络模式和特权模式的 Ubuntu 容器，用于开发测试：

version: '3.8'
services:
  ubuntu_env:
    image: ubuntu:22.04
    container_name: dev_ubuntu
    network_mode: host
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
      - ./workspace:/root/workspace

3.2 其他 Linux 发行版

以下是其他常用基础操作系统镜像的交互式运行示例，已调整挂载目录与端口映射：

# Alpine
docker run -it -v /opt/containers/alpine:/root alpine:3.18 /bin/sh

# Debian
docker run -it -p 9200:9200 -v /opt/containers/debian:/root debian:12 /bin/bash

# Amazon Linux
docker run -it -p 9200:9200 -v /opt/containers/amazon:/root amazonlinux:2023 /bin/bash

# Oracle Linux
docker run -it -p 9200:9200 -v /opt/containers/oracle:/root oraclelinux:9 /bin/bash

# Arch Linux
docker run -it -p 9200:9200 -v /opt/containers/arch:/root archlinux:latest /bin/bash

# VMware Photon
docker run -it -p 9200:9200 -v /opt/containers/photon:/root photon:5.0 /bin/bash

# Rocky Linux
docker run -it -p 9200:9200 -v /opt/containers/rocky:/root rockylinux:9.2 /bin/bash

# Clear Linux
docker run -it -p 9200:9200 -v /opt/containers/clear:/root clearlinux:latest /bin/bash

# openSUSE
docker run -it -p 9200:9200 -v /opt/containers/opensuse:/root opensuse/leap:15.5 /bin/bash

# Fedora
docker run -it -p 9200:9200 -v /opt/containers/fedora:/root fedora:38 /bin/bash

4. 数据库与缓存服务

4.1 部署 MySQL

配置 MySQL 8.0 服务，设置字符集、最大连接数及数据持久化卷：

version: '3.8'
services:
  relational_db:
    image: mysql:8.0.34
    container_name: mysql_server
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root_secret_pwd
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
    command:
      --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
      --character-set-server=utf8mb4
      --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
      --max-connections=2000
    ports:
      - "13306:3306"
    volumes:
      - db_data:/var/lib/mysql

volumes:
  db_data:

自定义 my.cnf 核心配置参考：

[mysqld]
port=3306
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
character-set-server=utf8mb4
default-storage-engine=INNODB
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
max_connections=2048
lower_case_table_names=1
innodb_buffer_pool_size=16M
innodb_log_file_size=64M
innodb_file_per_table=1

4.2 部署 Oracle

使用 Oracle XE 镜像快速启动关系型数据库环境：

version: '3.8'
services:
  oracle_db:
    image: container-registry.oracle.com/database/express:21.3.0-xe
    container_name: oracle_xe
    restart: always
    environment:
      ORACLE_PWD: oracle_secure_pwd
      ORACLE_CHARACTERSET: AL32UTF8
    ports:
      - "11521:1521"
      - "15500:5500"
    volumes:
      - oracle_data:/opt/oracle/oradata

volumes:
  oracle_data:

4.3 部署 Redis

启动带有密码验证和持久化配置的 Redis 缓存服务：

version: '3.8'
services:
  cache_store:
    image: redis:7.2-alpine
    container_name: redis_cache
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "16379:6379"
    volumes:
      - ./redis_data:/data
    command: redis-server --requirepass redis_secure_pass --appendonly yes

5. 代码托管与 DevOps 工具

5.1 部署 Gitea

使用 rootless 模式部署 Gitea 代码托管平台，映射 SSH 和 Web 端口：

version: '3.8'
services:
  git_server:
    image: gitea/gitea:1.21.0-rootless
    container_name: gitea_scm
    restart: always
    environment:
      - USER_UID=1000
      - USER_GID=1000
    volumes:
      - ./gitea_data:/var/lib/gitea
      - ./gitea_config:/etc/gitea
      - /etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
      - "2222:22"