使用OpenPyXL处理Excel测试数据

在Python中，openpyxl是处理.xlsx格式文件的常用库，支持读写操作。测试用例需存储在.xlsx文件中（不支持由.xls转换的文件）。

# excel_handler.py
from openpyxl import load_workbook

class ExcelManager:
    def __init__(self, file_path, sheet=None):
        self.file_path = file_path
        self.sheet_name = sheet

    def fetch_all_cases(self):
        workbook = load_workbook(self.file_path)
        worksheet = workbook.active if not self.sheet_name else workbook[self.sheet_name]

        headers = tuple(worksheet.iter_rows(max_row=1, values_only=True))[0]
        test_data = []
        for row in worksheet.iter_rows(min_row=2, values_only=True):
            test_data.append(dict(zip(headers, row)))
        return test_data

    def write_test_result(self, row_num, actual_result, status):
        workbook = load_workbook(self.file_path)
        worksheet = workbook.active if not self.sheet_name else workbook[self.sheet_name]

        if isinstance(row_num, int) and row_num >= 2:
            worksheet.cell(row=row_num, column=6).value = actual_result
            worksheet.cell(row=row_num, column=7).value = status
            workbook.save(self.file_path)

Appium驱动配置与单例模式

为确保整个测试周期仅启动一个Appium会话，采用单例模式管理WebDriver实例。

# driver_manager.py
from appium import webdriver
import yaml
import os

class SingletonDriver:
    _instance = None

    def __new__(cls):
        if cls._instance is None:
            config_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "config", "desired_caps.yaml")
            with open(config_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                caps = yaml.safe_load(f)["capabilities"]

            cls._instance = super().__new__(cls)
            cls._instance.driver = webdriver.Remote("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub", caps)
        return cls._instance

    def get_webdriver(self):
        return self.driver

动态执行测试步骤

通过反射机制解析Excel中的操作指令并动态调用对应方法。利用自定义上下文类保存页面元素引用。

# step_executor.py
from appium.webdriver.common.appiumby import AppiumBy
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement import WebElement
import allure

class TestContext:
    pass

def execute_test_flow(excel_file, sheet_name):
    driver = SingletonDriver().get_webdriver()
    cases = ExcelManager(excel_file, sheet_name).fetch_all_cases()

    for case in cases:
        operation = case.get("action")
        description = case.get("description")
        element_action = case.get("find")
        locator_type = case.get("selector")
        locator_value = case.get("selector_value")
        store_name = case.get("save_object")
        target_obj = case.get("operate_object")
        input_content = case.get("inputtext")
        attr_name = case.get("attribute_value")

        if operation == "describe":
            allure.dynamic.title(description)

        elif operation == "locate":
            if not locator_type or not locator_value:
                raise ValueError("定位类型或值缺失")
            located_element = getattr(driver, element_action)(
                getattr(AppiumBy, locator_type), locator_value
            )
            setattr(TestContext, store_name, located_element)

        elif operation == "tap":
            element = getattr(TestContext, target_obj)
            element.click()

        elif operation == "type":
            element = getattr(TestContext, target_obj)
            element.send_keys(input_content)

        elif operation == "fetch_attr":
            source_element = getattr(TestContext, target_obj)
            if isinstance(source_element, WebElement):
                result = source_element.get_attribute(attr_name)
            else:
                result = [elem.get_attribute(attr_name) for elem in source_element]
            setattr(TestContext, store_name, result)

Pytest集成与参数化运行

结合Pytest框架实现测试用例参数化执行，并生成Allure报告。

# test_runner.py
import pytest
import allure
from step_executor import execute_test_flow
from excel_handler import ExcelManager
import yaml

config_data = yaml.safe_load(open("config/test_config.yaml", encoding="utf-8"))

target_cases = ExcelManager(
    config_data["case_file"], 
    config_data["suite_sheet"]
).fetch_all_cases()

case_names = [case["用例名称"] for case in target_cases if case["是否运行"] == "y"]

@allure.epic("移动端功能验证")
class TestSuite:

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("case_name", case_names)
    def test_execution(self, case_name):
        execute_test_flow(config_data["case_file"], case_name)
        allure.dynamic.story(case_name)

执行脚本与报告生成

通过主控脚本启动测试并生成可视化报告。

# runner.py
import pytest
import os

if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main(["-v", "--capture=sys", "--alluredir=report/result"])
    os.system("allure generate report/result -o report/html --clean")